Stainless steel & stainless iron (marketing department of Shanghai HY Industry Co., Ltd)

Stainless iron is a kind of stainlesssteel. Its materials are mainly 409, 410, 430, 444, etc., which belong to martensitic and ferritic stainless steels, and they will be attracted by magnets. The stainlesssteel uniform refers to the steel that can resist the corrosion of chemical media such as atmosphere or acid. But stainless steel is not rust-free, it just has different corrosion behavior in different media. Common stainless steel materials can be divided into three types: martensitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel by metallographic structure.

“Martensitic Stainless Steel”

• Common martensitic stainlesssteels have a carbon content of 0.1-0.45% and a chromium content of 12-14%. They are chromium stainlesssteels, generally called Cr13 stainlesssteels. Typical material models are 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 4Cr13, etc. This type of stainlesssteel is usually used to make various valves, pumps and other parts and some stainless tools that can bear both load and corrosion resistance.

• In order to enhance corrosion resistance, the carbon content of martensitic stainlesssteels is controlled to a very low content range, usually not more than 0.4%. The lower the carbon content, the higher the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, and the higher the carbon content, the higher the carbon content in the matrix, the higher the strength and hardness of the stainlesssteel, but the amount of carbides that form chromium is also higher. The more, the worse the corrosion resistance of such stainlesssteel becomes. Therefore, it can be seen that the strength and hardness of 4Cr13 are higher than that of 1Cr13, but its corrosion resistance is worse than that of 1Cr13.

• Both 1Cr13 and 2Cr13 are resistant to atmospheric, steam and other media corrosion, and are generally used as corrosion-resistant structural steel. In order to obtain good comprehensive performance, quenching and high temperature tempering (600~700℃) are often used to obtain tempered sorbite to manufacture steam turbine blades, boiler tube accessories, etc. However, 3Cr13 and 4Cr13 steels have relatively poor corrosion resistance due to higher carbon content. Through quenching and low temperature tempering (200~300℃), tempered martensite is obtained, which has higher strength and hardness (HRC up to 50), so it is often used as tool steel to manufacture medical equipment, cutting tools, hot oil pump shafts, etc.

“Ferritic Stainless Steel”

• The carbon content of common ferritic stainlesssteel is less than 0.15%, and the chromium content is 12~30%. It is also a kind of chromium stainless steel. Because the carbon content decreases accordingly, the chromium content increases to a certain extent. The microstructure of stainlesssteel is always single-phase ferrite when heated from room temperature to high temperature (960~1100℃). Its corrosion resistance, plasticity and weldability are better than martensitic stainless steel. For high-chromium ferritic stainless steel, its ability to resist oxidative medium corrosion is strong, and with the increase of chromium content, the corrosion resistance is further improved.

• Ferritic stainless steels cannot be strengthened by heat treatment because they do not undergo phase transformation when heated and cooled. If the grains are coarsened during the heating process, only cold plastic deformation and recrystallization can be used to improve the structure and improve the properties.

• If this kind of stainless steel stays at 450~550℃, it will cause embrittlement of stainless steel, which is called “475℃ brittleness”. Embrittlement can be eliminated by heating to about 600°C followed by rapid cooling.

“Austenitic Stainless Steel”

• Add 8-11% nickel to stainlesssteel containing 18% chromium, and it becomes austenitic stainlesssteel. Such as 1Cr18Ni9 is a typical model. This type of stainlesssteel expands the austenite region due to the addition of nickel, so that a metastable single-phase austenite structure can be obtained at room temperature. Because it contains high chromium and nickel and has a single-phase austenite structure, it has higher chemical stability and better corrosion resistance than chromium stainlesssteel. It is a kind of stainlesssteel that is widely used now.

• 18-8 type stainlesssteel shows the structure of austenite and carbides in the annealed state. The existence of carbides does great damage to the corrosion resistance of stainlesssteel. Therefore, the solution treatment method is generally used, which is to heat the stainlesssteel to 1100 ℃. After water cooling, the carbides are dissolved in the austenite obtained at high temperature, and then through rapid cooling, a single-phase austenite structure is obtained at room temperature.

Shanghai HY Industry Co., Ltd is qualified super Stainless steel supplier.We have more than 20 years experience in kind of  superalloy，Cobalt alloy，Titanium alloy.